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		<time class="dt-published" datetime="2019-04-02T00:00:00-04:00" itemprop="datePublished">Tuesday, April 2, 2019
		</time>• by <span itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"><span class="p-author h-card" itemprop="name">Ron Tarrant</span></span></p>
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		<h1 id="0023-radio-and-color-selection-buttons">0023: Radio and Color Selection Buttons</h1>

<p><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">RadioButton</code>s are complex and tricky suckers and if you don’t prep their bits and pieces in just the right order, they aren’t going to work. <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">ColorButton</code>s? Not so much, but to harness a <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">ColorButton</code> to do our bidding means we’ll use a signal found in no other widget.</p>

<h2 id="put-your-radiobutton-on">Put Your RadioButton On</h2>

<div class="screenshot-frame">
	<div class="frame-header">
		Results of this example:
	</div>
	<div class="frame-screenshot">
		<figure>
			<img id="img0" src="../images/screenshots/002_button/button_13.png" alt="Current example output" />		<!-- img# -->
			
			<!-- Modal for screenshot -->
			<div id="modal0" class="modal">																	<!-- modal# -->
				<span class="close0">&times;</span>															<!-- close# -->
				<img class="modal-content" id="img00" />															<!-- img## -->
				<div id="caption"></div>
			</div>
			
			<script>
			// Get the modal
			var modal = document.getElementById("modal0");														// modal#
			
			// Get the image and insert it inside the modal - use its "alt" text as a caption
			var img = document.getElementById("img0");															// img#
			var modalImg = document.getElementById("img00");													// img##
			var captionText = document.getElementById("caption");

			img.onclick = function()
			{
			  modal.style.display = "block";
			  modalImg.src = this.src;
			  captionText.innerHTML = this.alt;
			}
			
			// Get the <span> element that closes the modal
			var span = document.getElementsByClassName("close0")[0];											// close#
			
			// When the user clicks on <span> (x), close the modal
			span.onclick = function()
			{ 
				modal.style.display = "none";
			}
			</script>
			<figcaption>
			Current example output
			</figcaption>
		</figure>
	</div>

	<div class="frame-terminal">
		<figure class="right">
			<img id="img1" src="../images/screenshots/002_button/button_13_term.png" alt="Current example terminal output" />		<!-- img#, filename -->

			<!-- Modal for terminal shot -->
			<div id="modal1" class="modal">																				<!-- modal# -->
				<span class="close1">&times;</span>																		<!-- close# -->
				<img class="modal-content" id="img11" />																		<!-- img## -->
				<div id="caption"></div>
			</div>
			
			<script>
			// Get the modal
			var modal = document.getElementById("modal1");																	// modal#
			
			// Get the image and insert it inside the modal - use its "alt" text as a caption
			var img = document.getElementById("img1");																		// img#
			var modalImg = document.getElementById("img11");																// img##
			var captionText = document.getElementById("caption");

			img.onclick = function()
			{
			  modal.style.display = "block";
			  modalImg.src = this.src;
			  captionText.innerHTML = this.alt;
			}
			
			// Get the <span> element that closes the modal
			var span = document.getElementsByClassName("close1")[0];														// close#
			
			// When the user clicks on <span> (x), close the modal
			span.onclick = function()
			{ 
				modal.style.display = "none";
			}
			</script>

			<figcaption>
				Current example terminal output (click for enlarged view)
			</figcaption>
		</figure>
	</div>

	<div class="frame-footer">																								<!-- ------------- filename (below) --------- -->
		The code file for this example is available <a href="https://github.com/rontarrant/gtkd_demos/blob/master/002_button/button_13_radiobutton.d" target="_blank">here</a>.
	</div>
</div>

<p>As with so many other widgets, stuffing a set of <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">RadioButton</code>s into a <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Box</code> makes good sense. At the design stage, you can move that <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Box</code> around easily and take all the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">RadioButton</code>s along with no fuss. And we already know the advantages of <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Box</code>es at runtime, but if you don’t remember, it gives us a place from which to observe and manipulate them.</p>

<p>So, let’s look at the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">RadioBox</code>, a child class born of the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Box</code>:</p>

<div class="language-d highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="k">class</span> <span class="n">RadioBox</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Box</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
	<span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">padding</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">;</span>
	<span class="n">Observed</span> <span class="n">observed</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">Observed</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">);</span>
	<span class="n">MyRadioButton</span> <span class="n">button1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">button2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">button3</span><span class="p">;</span>
	<span class="n">ActionButton</span> <span class="n">actionButton</span><span class="p">;</span>
	
	<span class="k">this</span><span class="p">()</span>
	<span class="p">{</span>
		<span class="k">super</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Orientation</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">VERTICAL</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">padding</span><span class="p">);</span>
		
		<span class="n">button1</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">MyRadioButton</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"button 1"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">observed</span><span class="p">);</span>
		
		<span class="n">button2</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">MyRadioButton</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"button 2"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">observed</span><span class="p">);</span>
		<span class="n">button2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">setGroup</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">button1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">getGroup</span><span class="p">());</span>
		
		<span class="n">button3</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">MyRadioButton</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"button 3"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">observed</span><span class="p">);</span>
		<span class="n">button3</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">setGroup</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">button1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">getGroup</span><span class="p">());</span>
		
		<span class="n">setActiveButton</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">button2</span><span class="p">);</span>

		<span class="n">actionButton</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">ActionButton</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">observed</span><span class="p">);</span>
		
		<span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">button1</span><span class="p">);</span>
		<span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">button2</span><span class="p">);</span>
		<span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">button3</span><span class="p">);</span>
		<span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">actionButton</span><span class="p">);</span>
		
	<span class="p">}</span> <span class="c1">// this()</span>
	
	
	<span class="kt">void</span> <span class="n">setActiveButton</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Button</span> <span class="n">button</span><span class="p">)</span>
	<span class="p">{</span>
		<span class="c1">// set which button is active on start-up</span>
		<span class="n">observed</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">setState</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">button2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">getLabel</span><span class="p">());</span> <span class="c1">// initial state</span>
		<span class="n">button2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">setActive</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">);</span>  <span class="c1">// set AFTER all buttons are instantiated</span>
		
	<span class="p">}</span> <span class="c1">// setActiveButton()</span>

<span class="p">}</span> <span class="c1">// class Radiobox</span>
</code></pre></div></div>

<h3 id="radiobox-an-observation-point">RadioBox: An Observation Point</h3>

<p>First thing of note is that we’re once again using an <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Observed</code> class. If you think about it, there’s not much point in having a set of <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">RadioButton</code>s if they aren’t affecting some entity that is, in turn, being observed by some other entity. Here, the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">RadioButton</code>s affect an <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Observed</code> object and the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">ActionButton</code> acts as observer, modifying its behaviour based on what it sees.</p>

<h3 id="radiobutton-creation">RadioButton Creation</h3>

<p>The first <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">RadioButton</code> is easy, just create it, give it a name, etc., and you’re done. But with the second <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">RadioButton</code> in the set, that’s where you need to know the tricky bit.</p>

<p>Yes, we simply create <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">button2</code>, but then we need to tell it that it’s in the same <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Group</code> as <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">button1</code>. But the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Group</code> doesn’t exist, and can’t exist, before <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">button1</code> is created. Even then, the only way to find the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Group</code> and tell <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">button2</code> about it is to get it from <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">button1</code>.</p>

<p>But once you know that, adding <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">button3</code> or other subsequent buttons is dead easy again.</p>

<h3 id="radiobutton-state">RadioButton State</h3>

<p>If we don’t care which <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">RadioButton</code> is active, all we have to do is sync up the state of the observed object so it points at the default active <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">RadioButton</code> and that’s always going to be the first one created, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">button1</code> in this example.</p>

<p>But if we want one of the others to be active on start-up, as well as syncing up the observed object, we have to call that button’s <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">setActive(true)</code> function. To simplify this two-step process, I broke it out into its own function, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">setActiveButton()</code>.</p>

<p>And one more note about this: Don’t try to set state or <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">setActive()</code> until all the buttons are created. Your results may be unpredictable.</p>

<h3 id="myradiobutton-class">MyRadioButton Class</h3>

<p>Familiar territory, this. Hook up the observed object, attach a signal and we’re ready to go.</p>

<p><strong>One thing of note</strong>: Because we’re using the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">onToggle</code> signal, we have to declare our <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">RadioButton</code> as a <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">ToggleButton</code> or we’ll get an error. This works because <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">RadioButton</code> is a grandchild of <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">ToggleButton</code> (with <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">CheckButton</code> being in the middle of the hierarchy). In effect, we’re borrowing grandma’s signal. If we try to do this any other way, casting the button as a <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">RadioButton</code> (or as its parent, a <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">CheckButton</code>) won’t work because the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">onToggle()</code> delegate can only take a <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">ToggleButton</code> as its argument.</p>

<h3 id="actionbutton-and-observed-class"><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">ActionButton</code> and <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Observed</code> class</h3>

<p>Same as with the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">MyRadioButton</code>, we’ve seen all this before. At least, we’ve seen stuff like it.</p>

<p>So, let’s move on to our next subject…</p>

<h2 id="a-colorbutton-to-select-color">A ColorButton to Select Color</h2>

<div class="screenshot-frame">
	<div class="frame-header">
		Results of this example:
	</div>
	<div class="frame-screenshot">
		<figure>
			<img id="img2" src="../images/screenshots/002_button/button_14.png" alt="Current example output" />		<!-- img# -->
			
			<!-- Modal for screenshot -->
			<div id="modal2" class="modal">																<!-- modal# -->
				<span class="close2">&times;</span>														<!-- close# -->
				<img class="modal-content" id="img22" />														<!-- img## -->
				<div id="caption"></div>
			</div>
			
			<script>
			// Get the modal
			var modal = document.getElementById("modal2");													// modal#
			
			// Get the image and insert it inside the modal - use its "alt" text as a caption
			var img = document.getElementById("img2");														// img#
			var modalImg = document.getElementById("img22");												// img##
			var captionText = document.getElementById("caption");

			img.onclick = function()
			{
			  modal.style.display = "block";
			  modalImg.src = this.src;
			  captionText.innerHTML = this.alt;
			}
			
			// Get the <span> element that closes the modal
			var span = document.getElementsByClassName("close2")[0];										// close#
			
			// When the user clicks on <span> (x), close the modal
			span.onclick = function()
			{ 
				modal.style.display = "none";
			}
			</script>
			<figcaption>
			Current example output
			</figcaption>
		</figure>
	</div>

	<div class="frame-terminal">
		<figure class="right">
			<img id="img3" src="../images/screenshots/002_button/button_14_term.png" alt="Current example terminal output" /> 		<!-- img#, filename -->

			<!-- Modal for terminal shot -->
			<div id="modal3" class="modal">																			<!-- modal# -->
				<span class="close3">&times;</span>																	<!-- close# -->
				<img class="modal-content" id="img33" />																	<!-- img## -->
				<div id="caption"></div>
			</div>
			
			<script>
			// Get the modal
			var modal = document.getElementById("modal3");																// modal#
			
			// Get the image and insert it inside the modal - use its "alt" text as a caption
			var img = document.getElementById("img3");																	// img#
			var modalImg = document.getElementById("img33");															// img##
			var captionText = document.getElementById("caption");

			img.onclick = function()
			{
			  modal.style.display = "block";
			  modalImg.src = this.src;
			  captionText.innerHTML = this.alt;
			}
			
			// Get the <span> element that closes the modal
			var span = document.getElementsByClassName("close3")[0];													// close#
			
			// When the user clicks on <span> (x), close the modal
			span.onclick = function()
			{ 
				modal.style.display = "none";
			}
			</script>

			<figcaption>
				Current example terminal output (click for enlarged view)
			</figcaption>
		</figure>
	</div>

	<div class="frame-footer">																							<!--------- filename (below) ------------>
		The code file for this example is available <a href="https://github.com/rontarrant/gtkd_demos/blob/master/002_button/button_14_colorbutton.d" target="_blank">here</a>.
	</div>
</div>

<p>The similarities between this example and the previous one won’t be lost on you. Instead of a <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">RadioBox</code>, we’ve got a <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">ColorBox</code> and in it:</p>

<ul>
  <li>a similar <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Observed</code> object,</li>
  <li>a <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">FetchColorButton</code> to fetch,</li>
  <li>a <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">ResetColorButton</code> to reset the color to its default, and</li>
  <li>an array to hold them all.</li>
</ul>

<p>And everything else is stuff we’ve seen before. A quick browser through the code will get you up to speed as long as you’ve been following these blog posts in order and haven’t jumped straight here.</p>

<p>There are two places where notable differences show up. One is in the construction of the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">ObservedColor</code> class:</p>

<div class="language-d highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="k">class</span> <span class="n">ObservedColor</span>                                                             <span class="c1">// *** NOTE *** r, g, b, a = 0.00 - 1.0</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
	<span class="k">private</span><span class="p">:</span>
	<span class="nb">string</span> <span class="n">message</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="s">"Color is now "</span><span class="p">;</span>
	<span class="n">RGBA</span> <span class="n">color</span><span class="p">;</span>
	<span class="n">RGBA</span> <span class="n">defaultColor</span><span class="p">;</span>
	<span class="kt">float</span> <span class="n">red</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mf">.75</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">green</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mf">.75</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">blue</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mf">.75</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">alpha</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">;</span>
	
	<span class="k">this</span><span class="p">()</span>
	<span class="p">{</span>
		<span class="n">defaultColor</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">RGBA</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">red</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">green</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">blue</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">alpha</span><span class="p">);</span>
		<span class="n">setColor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">defaultColor</span><span class="p">);</span>
		
	<span class="p">}</span> <span class="c1">// this()</span>
	
	
	<span class="k">public</span><span class="p">:</span>
	
	<span class="kt">void</span> <span class="n">setColor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">RGBA</span> <span class="n">extColor</span><span class="p">)</span>
	<span class="p">{</span>
		<span class="n">color</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">extColor</span><span class="p">;</span>
		<span class="n">writeln</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">message</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">extColor</span><span class="p">);</span>

	<span class="p">}</span> <span class="c1">// setColor()</span>


	<span class="n">RGBA</span> <span class="n">getColor</span><span class="p">()</span>
	<span class="p">{</span>
		<span class="k">return</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">color</span><span class="p">);</span>
		
	<span class="p">}</span> <span class="c1">// getColor()</span>

<span class="p">}</span> <span class="c1">// class ObservedColor</span>
</code></pre></div></div>

<p>In earlier <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Observed</code> objects, we used strings to keep track of state, but here we’re storing the actual <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">RGBA</code> objects themselves (ie. the colors) within the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Observed</code> object. This gives us a central location to store colors that’s accessible to any object in the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">ColorBox</code>.</p>

<p>And if we want to add a second color (perhaps we want a foreground color and a background color a la <em>Photoshop</em>) we simply add a second <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">ColorBox</code>, label the two <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">ColorBox</code>es as Foreground and Background, and we’re set.</p>

<p>Of course, you’d likely want to be a little slicker with the UI design, but this gives you a place from which to leap off the cliff.</p>

<p>And so we wrap up another <em>gtkDcoding</em> blog post with this: May your bugs only nip you a bit, and not byte.</p>

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